CF BUDDY
← Problems·

1176E · Cover it!

1700 · dfs and similar, dsu, graphs

Problem: You are given an undirected unweighted connected graph consisting of nn vertices and mm edges. It is guaranteed that there are no self-loops or multiple edges in the given graph.

Your task is to choose at most n2\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor vertices in this graph so each unchosen vertex is adjacent (in other words, connected by an edge) to at least one of chosen vertices.

It is guaranteed that the answer exists. If there are multiple answers, you can print any.

You will be given multiple independent queries to answer.

Input Format: The first line contains a single integer tt (1t21051 \le t \le 2 \cdot 10^5) — the number of queries.

Then tt queries follow.

The first line of each query contains two integers nn and mm (2n21052 \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5, n1mmin(2105,n(n1)2)n - 1 \le m \le min(2 \cdot 10^5, \frac{n(n-1)}{2})) — the number of vertices and the number of edges, respectively.

The following mm lines denote edges: edge ii is represented by a pair of integers viv_i, uiu_i (1vi,uin1 \le v_i, u_i \le n, uiviu_i \ne v_i), which are the indices of vertices connected by the edge.

There are no self-loops or multiple edges in the given graph, i. e. for each pair (vi,uiv_i, u_i) there are no other pairs (vi,uiv_i, u_i) or (ui,viu_i, v_i) in the list of edges, and for each pair (vi,uiv_i, u_i) the condition viuiv_i \ne u_i is satisfied. It is guaranteed that the given graph is connected.

It is guaranteed that m2105\sum m \le 2 \cdot 10^5 over all queries.

Output Format: For each query print two lines.

In the first line print kk (1n21 \le \lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor) — the number of chosen vertices.

In the second line print kk distinct integers c1,c2,,ckc_1, c_2, \dots, c_k in any order, where cic_i is the index of the ii-th chosen vertex.

It is guaranteed that the answer exists. If there are multiple answers, you can print any.

Note: In the first query any vertex or any pair of vertices will suffice.

Note that you don't have to minimize the number of chosen vertices. In the second query two vertices can be enough (vertices 22 and 44) but three is also ok.

Sample Cases

Case 1

Input

2
4 6
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 3
2 4
3 4
6 8
2 5
5 4
4 3
4 1
1 3
2 3
2 6
5 6

Output

2
1 3
3
4 3 6

Similar problems

00:00:00
Loading editor…
Welcome! I'm your coding tutor for this problem. Use the chips below to reveal stored hints or get AI feedback on your code. I'll guide you step by step — never giving away the solution.

Sign in to unlock AI tutor feedback