CF BUDDY
← Problems·

441D · Valera and Swaps

2100 · constructive algorithms, dsu, graphs

Problem: A permutation p of length n is a sequence of distinct integers p1, p2, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi ≤ n). A permutation is an identity permutation, if for any i the following equation holds pi = i.

A swap (i, j) is the operation that swaps elements pi and pj in the permutation. Let's assume that f(p) is the minimum number of swaps that you need to make the permutation p an identity permutation.

Valera wonders, how he can transform permutation p into any permutation q, such that f(q) = m, using the minimum number of swaps. Help him do that.

Input Format: The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 3000) — the length of permutation p. The second line contains n distinct integers p1, p2, ..., pn (1 ≤ pi ≤ n) — Valera's initial permutation. The last line contains integer m (0 ≤ m < n).

Output Format: In the first line, print integer k — the minimum number of swaps.

In the second line, print 2k integers x1, x2, ..., x2k — the description of the swap sequence. The printed numbers show that you need to consecutively make swaps (x1, x2), (x3, x4), ..., (x2k - 1, x2k).

If there are multiple sequence swaps of the minimum length, print the lexicographically minimum one.

Note: Sequence x1, x2, ..., xs is lexicographically smaller than sequence y1, y2, ..., ys, if there is such integer r (1 ≤ r ≤ s), that x1 = y1, x2 = y2, ..., xr - 1 = yr - 1 and xr < yr.

Sample Cases

Case 1

Input

5
1 2 3 4 5
2

Output

2
1 2 1 3

Case 2

Input

5
2 1 4 5 3
2

Output

1
1 2

Similar problems

00:00:00
Loading editor…
Welcome! I'm your coding tutor for this problem. Use the chips below to reveal stored hints or get AI feedback on your code. I'll guide you step by step — never giving away the solution.

Sign in to unlock AI tutor feedback